Studi Tentang Pemodelan Bangunan Ditinjau Dari Aspek Teknis (Studi Kasus: Bangunan di Daerah Tropis)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51967/gets.v1i2.14Keywords:
Bangunan Hemat Energi, Konfigurasi Arsitektural, listrik, Pemanasan GlobalAbstract
Penyebab pemanasan global adalah meningkatnya emisi CO2 di atmosfer. Kondisi ini menyebabkan bumi semakin panas dan mempengaruhi kehidupan di masa yang akan datang, es di daerah kutub mencair, permukaan laut naik setiap tahun, hingga terciptanya badai angin. Kondisi lingkungan seperti ini dapat membahayakan generasi di masa yang akan datang. Pemakaian listrik dari pembangkit berbahan bakar menggunakan fosil, merupakan salah satu penyebab terjadinya pemanasan global, karena dapat meningkatkan emisi CO2. Bangunan yang didesain tidak memperhitungkan pemakaian listrik, merupakan salah satu kontribusi dalam perusak lingkungan. Kebutuhan listrik tidak dapat dihindari karena pesatnya perkembangan teknologi. Pengaruh iklim luar daerah tropis yang panas berpengaruh ke dalam bangunan, menyebabkan beban pendinginan semakin besar. 40-50% energi listrik dalam bangunan dibutuhkan untuk proses pendinginan ruang (Air Conditioner), presentasi ini akan semakin besar kalau iklim di luar semakin panas. Usaha penghematan listrik pada skala bangunan dengan cara mentraitment konfigurasi arsitekturnya. Penyebab panas pada bangunan 80% berasal dari luar bangunan dengan mempertimbangkan desain sistem penerangan, pendinginan dan kulit bangunan. Dapat mencapai 70% pengurangan penggunaan listrik dengan penstimulasian antara model bangunan yang respond dan tidak terhadap lingkungan. Lebih hemat lagi 30-40% bila desain bangunan melibatkan penggunaan unsur tanaman dan air. Penelitian menegaskan bahwa aspek desain bangunan sangat berpengaruh terhadap penggunaan energi listrik, dan berkontribusi pada kepedulian terhadap pemanasan global dunia.
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